Saturday, April 25, 2026

Toxins and Nutrient Deficiencies Are Linked – Our Toronto IV Therapy Lounge Explains How


From inhaling air pollution to touching dirty surfaces, we make contact with toxins every day. Luckily, the immune system is designed to protect you from invaders – but to do this, your immune health needs help from some friends called … nutrients!

Key nutrient levels are needed for supporting immune function. For some people, though, filling in nutritional pockets may be easier said than done, especially since we have unique lifestyles, diets, genes, and environmental surroundings. According to a Frontiers in Nutrition report, “…inappropriate nutrient consumption is associated with development of major human diseases due to an immune system not properly functioning.” 

Bottom line: when you don’t have enough essential nutrients in your body, your defenses against pathogens can weaken, too. 

So, ask yourself this – are you aware of any nutrient deficiencies in your body that might be affecting your immune function? When you think about it, optimizing these levels can be challenging. In our fast-paced society, ultra-processed foods are frequently consumed; soil depletion is causing fruits and vegetables to lack nutrients; chronic stress is ‘eating up’ nutrient levels; and, as we age, our absorption of nutrients can alter from digestive changes or chronic conditions. Clearly, paying attention to nutrition is required for fostering immunity. 

Here in this article, the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre briefly emphasizes: 

  • The role nutrients have on immune health;
  • How toxins and vitamin deficits are related;
  • Quick tips for nourishing the body with nutrients;
  • How intravenous therapy works in our IV Lounge. 

How nutrients affect immune function

It only takes one nutritional deficiency to impede the immune system, especially if you’re lacking zinc, vitamin A, iron, folate, or selenium. 

Vitamins, minerals, and amino acids assist with immunity in numerous ways; they may act as antioxidants to protect against cellular damage; help construct antibodies; and even foster the growth of immune cells. “Similarly, trace elements or metals act as enzyme cofactors and control different immune response cycles by controlling the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and other signaling molecules,” explains an Archives of Razi Institute report. 

The link between toxins and nutrient deficiencies

Studies have confirmed that people who lack basic nutrition tend to heighten their infection risks. Below, we list examples of some nutrient deficits and their roles in the formation/severity of getting sick: 

  • Iron deficiency: Iron is one of the key drivers of immune function, creating lymphocytes that can help you respond to infections. Lacking iron can impede detoxification processes and, upon heavy metal exposures, can encourage the body to unnecessarily absorb lead and cadmium. 
  • Vitamin A deficiency: This vitamin supports lung functions and the mucosal barrier; when you’re lacking vitamin A, you could be susceptible to forming respiratory ailments. This deficiency may also lead to digestive discomforts, as vitamin A helps manage the gut microbiome. Without this nutrient, you could be at risk of boosting intestinal permeability. 

Older adults are particularly vulnerable to forming vitamin and mineral deficiencies. These shortcomings can be caused by various factors, such as poor appetite, a chronic illness, depression, medications interacting with the absorption of nutrients, and a lack of funds and/or transportation to access food. Thus, balanced nutrition should be recognized and practiced for all life stages. And taking a functional medicine approach to your health may be beneficial for your personal nutrition, especially for supporting long-term health goals. 

Strategies for boosting nutrient levels

Keep in mind, when you optimize nutrient levels, it doesn’t guarantee that you’ll never get affected by germs and toxins! You may still catch an illness; but you might experience less-severe symptoms. Immunity optimization is not a substitute for a healthy lifestyle either – regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and stress management must be combined with nutrient-enhancing tips to optimize immune function. 

With that, read these tips to ramp your nutrient levels: 

  • Explore the Mediterranean Diet: Meet with our holistic nutritionist about adopting a Mediterranean-based diet. It embraces fresh fruits, vegetables, fish and healthy fatty acids, and may be beneficial for lowering inflammation and leaky gut.   
  • Take oral supplements: Functional naturopathic doctors may prescribe complementary nutrient therapy, such as oral vitamins. Some oral supplements can come with side effects (i.e. upset stomach) or medication interactions, so it’s to your advantage to speak to a health provider before trying new supplements. 
  • Book an IV therapy session: If you’re struggling with malabsorption, you can get a custom-made IV drip prepared. In our IV Lounge, we dose vitamin and mineral drips for biological needs – we can blend an IV drip with the nutrients that you’re personally lacking or customize one to target a wellness goal.

If you’re curious about your vitamin levels, you’re welcome to access our lab services. We use functional medicine testing to measure how your current health status is holding up; these tests scrutinize biomarkers to help us explore the root cause of your mineral deficiencies, oxidative stress amounts, hormone imbalances, etc. In some cases, functional testing can point out details that conventional tests may not be capable of catching. Contact us today to replenish your nutrient levels!

Visit our IV Lounge for functional vitamin drip therapy

When you become a new patient at the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre, you gain access to our IV Lounge. This is where we blend fresh vitamin drip treatments with the principles of functional medicine, customizing therapeutic doses for your health goals only. 

Intravenous therapy provides you with an instant delivery of nutrients. There is no need for ingestion – instead, an infusion needle is inserted into a vein, allowing for a nutritional formula to bypass the digestive tract. This reduces your chances of experiencing side effects that can come with ingesting some oral vitamins. With IV therapy, nutrients are delivered directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system, which may be beneficial in certain clinical situations where absorption is impaired. This differs from oral supplements, where absorption can vary depending on individual digestive function

Regular drip therapies do not replace healthy living. When IV therapy is added to a regime of functional medicine therapies, a balanced diet and exercise, then they may assist with optimal health outcomes.

Our IV Lounge is closely supervised by our experienced team, which consists of naturopathic doctors, nurse practitioners and registered nurses. A wide range of IV drip nutrients are available, including essential minerals, high dose vitamin C therapy, several types of amino acids, and NAD+. Doses of vitamin D, glutathione, and B12 booster injections can also be customized, so feel free to ask us any questions about our nutritional treatments!

Furthermore, we are proud of our multidisciplinary approach to wellness. We are proficient in integrating conventional/Western therapies with natural therapies (i.e. naturopathic medicine, holistic nutrition, Traditional Chinese Medicine, etc.), herbal medicine, psychotherapy, hormone optimization treatments, and more. These modalities are adapted with the functional medicine model, and integrated therapies may be suitable for managing chronic conditions, stress levels, and blood pressure regulation. 

IV therapy from the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre blends personalized healthcare with the rapid effects of intravenous therapy. What’s holding you back from enhancing your wellness? Let’s explore this today – new patients can request an initial consult now by clicking here.

Disclaimer: The information in this article is designed for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. This information should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problems or illnesses without consulting a doctor. You should always consult with a health care practitioner before relying on any information in this article or on this website. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare provider because of information you have read from the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre website or other affiliate media. 

References

Amimo, Joshua O., et al. “Immune Impairment Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency: Insights from Clinical Studies and Animal Model Research.” Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 23, 2022, p. 5038, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235038. Accessed 16 Jun. 2025.

Ecarnot, Fiona, and Stefania Maggi. “The Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Immune Function in Older Adults.” Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, vol. 36, no. 1, 2024, p. 117, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-024-02753-3. Accessed 15 Jun. 2025.

Espinosa-Salas S, Gonzalez-Arias M. Nutrition: Micronutrient Intake, Imbalances, and Interventions. [Updated 2023 Sep 21]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK597352/

Hassan, Tamer H., et al. “Impact of Iron Deficiency Anemia on the Function of the Immune System in Children.” Medicine, vol. 95, no. 47, 2016, p. e5395, https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000005395. Accessed 15 Jun. 2025.

Hennig, Bernhard, et al. “Nutrition Can Modulate the Toxicity of Environmental Pollutants: Implications in Risk Assessment and Human Health.” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 120, no. 6, 2012, p. 771, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1104712. Accessed 13 Jun. 2025.

Ingenbleek Y, Kimura H. Nutritional essentiality of sulfur in health and disease. Nutr Rev. 2013 Jul;71(7):413-32. doi: 10.1111/nure.12050. Epub 2013 May 24. PMID: 23815141.

Kiani AK, Dhuli K, Donato K, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Iaconelli A, Connelly ST, Bellinato F, Gisondi P, Bertelli M. Main nutritional deficiencies. J Prev Med Hyg. 2022 Oct 17;63(2 Suppl 3):E93-E101. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2752. PMID: 36479498; PMCID: PMC9710417.

Kordas, Katarzyna, et al. “Interactions between Nutrition and Environmental Exposures: Effects on Health Outcomes in Women and Children,.” The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 137, no. 12, 2007, pp. 2794-2797, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.12.2794. Accessed 15 Jun. 2025.

Lopresti AL. The Effects of Psychological and Environmental Stress on Micronutrient Concentrations in the Body: A Review of the Evidence. Adv Nutr. 2020 Jan 1;11(1):103-112. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmz082. PMID: 31504084; PMCID: PMC7442351.

Mahaffey, K R., and J E. Vanderveen. “Nutrient-toxicant Interactions: Susceptible Populations.” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 29, 1979, p. 81, https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.792981. Accessed 15 Jun. 2025.

Munteanu C, Schwartz B. The relationship between nutrition and the immune system. Front Nutr. 2022 Dec 8;9:1082500. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1082500. PMID: 36570149; PMCID: PMC9772031.

Noor S, Piscopo S, Gasmi A. Nutrients Interaction with the Immune System. Arch Razi Inst. 2021 Dec 30;76(6):1579-1588. doi: 10.22092/ari.2021.356098.1775. PMID: 35546980; PMCID: PMC9083862.

Nutrition and Immunity” from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, The Nutrition Source, viewed on June 15, 2025. 

Semba, Richard D. “Vitamin A, Immunity, and Infection.” Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 19, no. 3, 1994, pp. 489-499, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/19.3.489. Accessed 16 Jun. 2025.

Silver WL, Perez T, Mayer A, Jones AR. The role of soil in the contribution of food and feed. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Sep 27;376(1834):20200181. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0181. Epub 2021 Aug 4. PMID: 34365816; PMCID: PMC8349637.

Thornton, Kathryn A., et al. “Vitamin A Deficiency Is Associated with Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Morbidity in School-Age Children.” The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 144, no. 4, 2014, pp. 496-503, https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.185876. Accessed 16 Jun. 2025.

Original article "Toronto Functional Medicine Centre – (416) 968-6961" first appeared in the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre website.

Monday, April 20, 2026

Maca Root for Stress and Libido: A Functional Medicine Toronto Fact Sheet


If you venture up the Andes mountains, you’ll find a medicinal herb called maca. Our Toronto functional medicine providers may suggest this herb to help with mood, sperm quality, libido, or menopausal symptoms. 

Also called Peruvian ginseng or Lepidium meyenii, maca is praised as an adaptogen. Adaptogens are groups of herbs that can help the body acclimate to stressful situations; when supplemented with, adaptogens can support homeostasis to promote mind-body resilience. 

Findings show that maca is bursting with key nutrients, including amino acids, healthy fatty acids, fibre, calcium, and vitamin C. “Besides these essential nutrients, this root contains bioactive compounds responsible for benefits to the human body, which has caused a considerable increase in its consumption in the last 20 years worldwide,” confirms a report from Food and Function

Whether you want to combat chronic stress or improve fertility, this herb shows promise in fostering men’s and women’s health needs. We highlight introductory facts about this herb, the ways it might promote healthy effects, and how we tailor your clinical experience at the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre.  

What is Maca?

  • This herb is regularly consumed as a root vegetable and tonic by the Indigenous people of Peru. The hypocotyl can be freshly eaten, or the roots can be boiled and prepared as coffees and juices. Fresh maca is 80 percent water. 
  • There are several factors at play when measuring the nutritional values of this herb. Nutrient levels of maca root depend on where the plant is grown; how heavy the fruit is; and drying/storage conditions. 
  • Maca is in the same family as broccoli and kale. Several parts of the plant contain amino acids, including glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine, cysteine, tryptophan, leucine, histidine, profile, and methionine. 
  • Additional nutritional properties include: alkaloids, fibre, iron, vitamin B6, iodine, calcium, and vitamin C. The components of this herb may be valuable for fostering detoxification and potentially alleviating fatigue. 

Possible Health Benefits

Some functional medicine practitioners may suggest taking maca to support health promotion. Here are some examples of its potential health effects: 

Appears to enhance sperm health for reproduction

Male health issues, such as low sperm quality, may be the root cause of 40% of infertility cases, reports a Maturitas journal review. In some studies, maca boosted sperm count and motility when male participants were provided with this herbal supplementation. “Maca contains a group of secondary metabolites such as macamides, macaenes and other lipid fractions that are potentially related to changes in the reproductive tract via modulation in semen quality,” confirms a Phytotherapy Research article. 

Maca root may boost libido in women

Low sex drive is a side effect of SSRI antidepressants. But findings demonstrate that maca root may aid in alleviating this dysfunction in postmenopausal women. According to a Menopause article, taking 3.5g per day can lower depression and anxiety, while improving “…measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women independent of estrogenic and androgenic activity.”

Might help manage menopausal symptoms 

In a study on early-postmenopausal women (49-58 years old), participants took two maca capsules per day for a couple of months. The results led to reductions in night sweats, hot flashes, headaches, poor sleep, stress, and mood swings. 

May improve liver detoxification 

Maca is a source of antioxidants that can prevent oxidative damage – these antioxidants include polysaccharides, which happen to be hepatoprotective. Thus, maca has the potential to assist with liver function, helping to effectively detoxify toxins out of the body. 

Maca’s antioxidant effects may act as a mood enhancer 

Low mood can be exacerbated by oxidative damage. Maca’s antioxidant functions may affect you emotionally, as its detoxifying actions can contribute to mood improvements. Also, the herb may potentially impact dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain, so it may be valuable as a mood regulator. 

If you’ve always wondered what it’s like to have your therapies tailored, why not give it a shot? New patients are welcome to book sessions at the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre; if you’re interested in adding herbal supplementation to your treatment plan, we can explore this during your initial appointment. 

Target Your Health Concerns with Herbal Medicine and Functional Medicine Therapies

Functional medicine is a form of health care that emphasizes the root causes of disease symptoms, recognizing the mind-body connection. It fosters a positive relationship between the health practitioner and patient, inviting collaboration between the two parties. Custom tips and plenty of education are offered, inspiring you to take accountability for long-term health needs. Our functional medicine practitioners can guide you with: 

  • Lifestyle counselling
  • Details on how to read the results of your functional lab tests
  • How to support your natural healing process with nutrition (i.e. choosing organic food when possible) and additional lifestyle modifications. 

The functional medicine model is applied to all of our treatment options, integrating Western medicine with holistic nutrition, naturopathic medicine, IV therapy, DUTCH testing for menopausal symptoms, psychotherapy, and more. When patients have access to several treatment modalities, they can draw from a wide variety of tactics to help relieve discomforts, such as concentration issues, fatigue, seasonal sniffles, skin rashes, and brain fog. 

Our botanical supplementation services are also adapted with functional medicine principles, and plant-based medicines can be arranged into teas, capsules, etc. We consider your current health status to avoid plant-drug interactions, combining traditional herbal knowledge with modern expertise in pharmacognosy. For your convenience, our dispensary is available online and inside our clinic. We prioritize quality care, so our herbal remedies are ethically sourced and sustainably cultivated. 

How can we target your health concerns with botanical medicine? Take a complementary holistic approach to your needs at the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre – requesting a meeting with our clinicians is easy! Just click here to reach us and we’ll respond shortly. 

Disclaimer: The information in this article is designed for educational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for informed medical advice or care. This information should not be used to diagnose or treat any health problems or illnesses without consulting a doctor. You should always consult with a health care practitioner before relying on any information in this article or on this website. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified healthcare provider because of information you have read from the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre website or other affiliate media. 

References

Ai, Zhong, et al. “Antidepressant-Like Behavioral, Anatomical, and Biochemical Effects of Petroleum Ether Extract from Maca (Lepidium Meyenii) in Mice Exposed to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress.” Journal of Medicinal Food, vol. 17, no. 5, 2014, p. 535, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2013.2950. Accessed 12 Jun. 2025.

Alvarado-Corella, Diego, et al. “Exploring the Chemical and Pharmacological Variability of Lepidium Meyenii: A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Maca.” Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 15, 2024, p. 1360422, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1360422. Accessed 12 Jun. 2025.

Beharry, Shruti, and Michael Heinrich. “Is the Hype around the Reproductive Health Claims of Maca (Lepidium Meyenii Walp.) Justified?” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 211, 2018, pp. 126-170, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.003. Accessed 10 Jun. 2025.

Bower-Cargill, Cherie, et al. “A Systematic Review of the Versatile Effects of the Peruvian Maca Root (Lepidium Meyenii ) on Sexual Dysfunction, Menopausal Symptoms and Related Conditions.” Phytomedicine Plus, vol. 2, no. 4, 2022, p. 100326, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyplu.2022.100326. Accessed 10 Jun. 2025.

da Silva Leitão Peres N , Cabrera Parra Bortoluzzi L , Medeiros Marques LL , Formigoni M , Fuchs RHB , Droval AA , Reitz Cardoso FA . Medicinal effects of Peruvian maca (Lepidium meyenii): a review. Food Funct. 2020 Jan 29;11(1):83-92. doi: 10.1039/c9fo02732g. PMID: 31951246.

Brooks NA, Wilcox G, Walker KZ, Ashton JF, Cox MB, Stojanovska L. Beneficial effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on psychological symptoms and measures of sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women are not related to estrogen or androgen content. Menopause. 2008 Nov-Dec;15(6):1157-62. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181732953. PMID: 18784609.

Dording, Christina M., et al. “A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Maca Root As Treatment for Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction in Women.” Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM, vol. 2015, 2015, p. 949036, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/949036. Accessed 12 Jun. 2025.

Gonzales-Arimborgo C, Yupanqui I, Montero E, Alarcón-Yaquetto DE, Zevallos-Concha A, Caballero L, Gasco M, Zhao J, Khan IA, Gonzales GF. Acceptability, Safety, and Efficacy of Oral Administration of Extracts of Black or Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii) in Adult Human Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016 Aug 18;9(3):49. doi: 10.3390/ph9030049. PMID: 27548190; PMCID: PMC5039502.

Lee, Myeong S., et al. “The Use of Maca (Lepidium Meyenii) to Improve Semen Quality: A Systematic Review.” Maturitas, vol. 92, 2016, pp. 64-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.07.013. Accessed 11 Jun. 2025.

LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Maca. [Updated 2019 Apr 10]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548552/

Melnikovova, Ingrid, et al. “Evaluation of the Effect of Lepidium Meyenii Walpers in Infertile Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial.” Phytotherapy Research, vol. 35, no. 11, 2021, pp. 6359-6368, https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7287. Accessed 11 Jun. 2025.

Meissner, H O., et al. “Hormone-Balancing Effect of Pre-Gelatinized Organic Maca (Lepidium Peruvianum Chacon): (III) Clinical Responses of Early-postmenopausal Women to Maca in Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Configuration, Outpatient Study.” International Journal of Biomedical Science : IJBS, vol. 2, no. 4, 2006, p. 375, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3614644/. Accessed 12 Jun. 2025.

Minich DM, Ross K, Frame J, Fahoum M, Warner W, Meissner HO. Not All Maca Is Created Equal: A Review of Colors, Nutrition, Phytochemicals, and Clinical Uses. Nutrients. 2024 Feb 14;16(4):530. doi: 10.3390/nu16040530. PMID: 38398854; PMCID: PMC10892513.

Ulloa Del Carpio N, Alvarado-Corella D, Quiñones-Laveriano DM, Araya-Sibaja A, Vega-Baudrit J, Monagas-Juan M, Navarro-Hoyos M, Villar-López M. Exploring the chemical and pharmacological variability of Lepidium meyenii: a comprehensive review of the effects of maca. Front Pharmacol. 2024 Feb 19;15:1360422. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360422. PMID: 38440178; PMCID: PMC10910417.

Wang, Yali, et al. “Maca: An Andean Crop with Multi-pharmacological Functions.” Food Research International, vol. 40, no. 7, 2007, pp. 783-792, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2007.02.005. Accessed 11 Jun. 2025.

Original article "Toronto Functional Medicine Centre – (416) 968-6961" first appeared in the Toronto Functional Medicine Centre website.